Richard D. Gitlin's Data Communications Principles PDF

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Sample text

0I Hz can cause severe degradation. ---+----+-------j--~ 30 Fig. 3). peak-to-peak is highly unusual in the telephone network. ) and its harmonics that power-line and power-supply interferences are present in carrier system channel banks. Some of the lower-frequency components of phase jitter can be traced to the 20 Hz telephone ringing frequency. Nonlinear distortion is ordinarily modeled as a concatenation of a memoryless nonlinear transformation with a linear transformation of the signal at one or more points within the transmission channel.

For a DS-l channel, three columns are assigned. By byte interleaving several STS-l frames, higher rates may be achieved. 6, where OC-N, N = 1,3, 12, and 48, indicates the number of STS-l frames that are combined. 52 Mbps and 622 Mbps. The STS-3c frame interleaves three STS-l frames, as does STS-3, and thus has nine columns of transport overhead, but reduces the three-column path overhead to one. It carries what is effectively one data stream instead of three interleaved data streams. The overhead bytes carry out the usual functions associated with digital transmission.

Gaussian noise, which is invariably present on almost all communication channels, is the sum of many small interferences, thermal noises, power-supply ripples, radio noises, and other contributions from natural and man-made sources. It is usually (but not always) at a rather low level, but the important criterion is the ratio of the data signal at the input of a modem to the noise present at that point. 2 kbps with low error probability, indicating that the noise and (correctable) linear distortion are not the only significant channel impairments.

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